Del:

Forhastet lovgivning påvirker kvaliteten

Resumé

Svar fra knap 9.000 embedsmænd viser, at syv ud af ti embedsmænd er nærmest eller helt enige i, at de politiske processer går så hurtigt, at det påvirker kvaliteten i lovgivningen, mens næsten halvdelen af embedsmændene er nærmest eller helt enige i, at mange politiske beslutninger træffes uden et ordentligt fagligt grundlag.

Flere analyser:

A Critique of Synthetic Control Method Studies on Covid-19 Policy—Evidence from Sweden

Even though Sweden over 2020–2021 had a lower excess mortality rate than most European countries, five studies employing the Synthetic Control Method (SCM) concluded that Sweden would have experienced significantly lower mortality had it imposed a mandatory lockdown in early 2020. I argue that the large mortality reductions attributed to lockdowns in these studies are not policy effects at all, but rather are the artifacts of unbalanced time-varying confounding and early-shock omitted-variable bias, mechanically absorbed into model fittings. Their findings are artifacts of short pre-lockdown windows which are epidemiologically uninformative. I demonstrate that SCM yields highly divergent estimates for Swedish regions with identical policies, indicating that the method captures stochastic variation in viral seeding rather than the causal effect of lockdowns. I show that the SCM studies often report biologically implausible effects (sometimes appearing before the virus could have killed) and often fail standard donor-based placebo tests for statistical significance of their estimates. These findings cast serious doubt on the reliability of SCM in this setting. Sweden’s low excess mortality in the end suggests that Sweden’s state epidemiologist, Anders Tegnell, was right all along.

Dyre regler uden effekt

Nye regler indføres ofte med gode intentioner – men uden dokumentation for, at de virker. Kravet om fastskruning af nummerplader koster erhvervslivet 6 mio. kr. årligt, svarende til 45.000 kr. pr. ord i bekendtgørelsen. Tilladelsesordningen for godskørsel koster op mod 146 mio. kr. over ti år – trods nul forventede positive effekter. Ingen af reglerne er nogensinde blevet evalueret. Med over 35 mio. ord i lovgivningen løber omkostningerne hurtigt op.

En brændende platform?

Folketinget vedtager markant flere love end tidligere og langt flere end sammenlignelige lande. En betydelig del af lovgivningen behandles i højt tempo med korte høringsfrister, mens den grundige, forberedende behandling i udvalg og kommissioner er reduceret drastisk. Samtidig evalueres kun en brøkdel af den eksisterende regulering systematisk, mens ineffektive regler og tunge administrative byrder hæmmer virksomhedernes produktivitet. Det rejser et presserende spørgsmål: Står den danske regelstat på en brændende platform?

Don’t Jump to Faulty Conclusions: Using the Synthetic Control Method to Evaluate the Effect of a Counterfactual Lockdown in Sweden

Several studies based on the Synthetic Control Method (SCM) link the many COVID-19 deaths in Sweden during the spring of 2020 to Sweden’s decision not to lock down. I show that the estimated effect of lockdown varies greatly between four hypothetical Swedens depending on the spread of COVID-19 in societies before lockdown. This suggests that the effect of lockdowns found in earlier studies using Sweden as a control are likely to be (at least partially) driven by unobserved variables such as the spread of COVID-19 in societies before lockdown, and other misspecifications. Including a proxy for the spread of COVID-19 before lockdown does not improve the results. Suggesting that the very short data series on the spread of COVID-19 before lockdown limits the SCM ability to accurately estimate the effect of lockdowns.